The observed 50% flux reduction within a 3-month period can be attributed to several key factors: 1. Formation of a Gel Layer by Dyes and Auxiliaries. Organic compunds, such as dyes and auxiliaries, readily adsorb onto the UF membrane surface and pores. This forms a dense, sticky gel layer that significantly increases hydraulic resistance and obstructs water production. 2. Synergistic Fouling Complex(Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Scaling). The presence of high concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions can complex with dye molecules. This interaction results in a dense, recalcitrant fouling layer that is particularly resistance to conventional chemical cleaning. 3. Inadequate pretreatment. Insufficient pretreatment steps—such as ineffective coagulation, inadequate filtration (e.g., sand filtration or microfiltration), or improper pH adjustment—result in dyes being deposited directly onto the UF membrane surface.
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